Texas Transportation Code · Health & Safety Code · TCEQ Rules

Texas Vehicle Inspection Law

A plain-language reference to every state and county rule governing vehicle emissions inspections in Bexar County (San Antonio) — who needs one, who is exempt, fees, insurance requirements, and what happens if you fail. Reflects the 2025 safety inspection elimination (HB 3297).

Effective: 2026 · Reflects HB 3297 (eff. March 1, 2025) County: Bexar County, Texas Authority: TCEQ · TxDMV · Tex. Transp. Code Ch. 548
Notice: This page summarizes Texas law as applied in Bexar County as of 2026 and is provided for informational purposes only. Statutes may be amended. For the authoritative text of any statute, visit statutes.capitol.texas.gov or consult a licensed attorney.

Table of Contents

⚡ What Changed in 2025 (Still Applies in 2026)
Texas HB 3297 (passed 2023, effective March 1, 2025) eliminated the annual safety inspection for most non-commercial passenger vehicles statewide. There is no longer a separate safety certificate or windshield inspection sticker for regular cars and trucks. However, the OBD-II emissions test is still fully required for vehicles registered in Bexar County — that requirement did not change. If your gasoline car or truck is 2–24 years old and registered in Bexar County, you must pass the emissions test every year to renew your registration.
§ 00 · Bexar County Specific

Bexar County — Rules for San Antonio Residents

30 Tex. Admin. Code § 114.50 · Tex. Health & Safety Code § 382.0622 · Tex. Transp. Code § 502.040
Why Bexar County Is Different

Bexar County is specifically designated by the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ) as a vehicle emissions testing area. That designation is what makes the OBD-II emissions test mandatory here. The rules in this section apply to all qualifying vehicles registered in Bexar County — not just vehicles driven here.

RuleDetails
Why Bexar is designatedNear-nonattainment classification for EPA 8-hour ozone standard — air quality compliance requirement
Governing agency (state)Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ)
Governing agency (county)Bexar County Tax Assessor-Collector — administers vehicle registration
Inspection required before registration?YES — a passing emissions result must be on file with TxDMV before Bexar County will issue or renew your registration
Just moved to Bexar County?Emissions test required at your first registration renewal in Bexar County — even if the vehicle passed elsewhere last year
Vehicle registered outside Bexar?No emissions test required, even if you drive in San Antonio daily. The requirement follows registration, not location.
Registering in a neighboring county to avoid the testOnly legal if you genuinely reside there. Registering in a county where you don't live is fraud under Tex. Transp. Code § 502.040.
Tex. Transp. Code § 502.040 — Registration in County of Residence
"An owner of a motor vehicle… shall register the vehicle in the county in which the owner resides… A person commits an offense if the person registers a vehicle in a county other than the county in which the person resides…"

Bexar County Registration Process (2026)

StepAction
Step 1Pass OBD-II emissions test at a TCEQ-licensed station
Step 2Results transmitted electronically to TxDMV — typically within minutes of the test
Step 3Renew registration online at TxDMV.gov, by mail, or in person at the Bexar County Tax Assessor-Collector office
County officesMain: 233 N. Pecos La Trinidad · Branches: Crossroads, Leon Valley, Northeast, Southside, and others
Online renewalAvailable at TxDMV.gov, usually within 24 hours of passing inspection
Late registration penalty$10 if expired 1–10 days; increases thereafter (Tex. Transp. Code § 502.407)
Bexar County road and bridge fee$10 county-specific fee, added to registration — separate from state fees

Licensed Inspection Stations

QuestionAnswer
Who can perform the test?Only TCEQ-licensed Vehicle Emissions Inspection and Maintenance (VEIM) stations with certified equipment and technicians
Can any mechanic do it?NO — must be a licensed TCEQ station; an ordinary mechanic cannot issue a passing certificate
How to verify a station is licensedSearch the TCEQ licensed facilities database at tceq.texas.gov
Bottom line for Bexar County: If your gasoline car or truck is 2–24 years old and registered in Bexar County, you need the OBD-II emissions test every year. Motorcycles, EVs, vehicles 25+ years old, and vehicles in their first two model years owe nothing.
§ 01

Who Needs an Emissions Inspection in 2026

Tex. Transp. Code § 548.301 · Tex. Health & Safety Code § 382.0622 · HB 3297 (2023)
Plain English

As of 2026, the only annual vehicle inspection required in Bexar County is the OBD-II emissions test — and only for gasoline-powered vehicles that are 2 to 24 years old, registered in Bexar County. The separate safety inspection was eliminated on March 1, 2025. Motorcycles, electric vehicles, and vehicles 25 years or older do not need any annual inspection.

Tex. Transp. Code § 548.301 — Emissions Inspection
"The department shall require… an emissions inspection… for a vehicle… registered in a county that is included in a vehicle emissions inspection program established under Chapter 382, Health and Safety Code."
FactorRequirement
Vehicle age2 – 24 years old — annual emissions test required
Vehicle typeGasoline-powered passenger cars and light trucks
Registration countyBexar County (San Antonio) — designated emissions county
FrequencyOnce per year, tied to vehicle registration renewal
Annual safety inspectionELIMINATED for non-commercial vehicles as of March 1, 2025 (HB 3297)
MotorcyclesNOT REQUIRED — exempt from emissions program; safety inspection also eliminated
Electric vehiclesNOT REQUIRED — exempt from emissions; no safety inspection
Vehicles 25+ years oldNOT REQUIRED — completely exempt from all inspection requirements
Diesel vehiclesA separate opacity/smoke test may apply — not OBD-II; confirm with TxDMV
Commercial vehicles (18-wheelers, buses)Different rules — annual safety inspection still required under a separate commercial program
§ 02

Vehicles Exempt — No Inspection Required

Tex. Transp. Code § 548.052 · § 548.301(c) · HB 3297 (2023) · 30 Tex. Admin. Code § 114.50(b)
Plain English

As of 2026, the following vehicles do not need any annual inspection in Texas — not emissions, not safety. If your vehicle is on this list, you do not need to visit an inspection station at all.

Vehicle TypeStatus
MotorcyclesEXEMPT — no emissions inspection; safety inspection eliminated 2025
Electric vehicles (EVs)EXEMPT — no emissions inspection; no safety inspection
Plug-in hybrid vehiclesEXEMPT from emissions inspection
Standard hybrid vehicles (e.g., Prius)Follow gasoline vehicle rules — test required if 2–24 years old and registered in Bexar County
Vehicles 25+ years oldEXEMPT — completely exempt from all inspection requirements
New vehicles (first two model years)EXEMPT — no inspection required for the first two model years after first sale
TrailersEXEMPT — generally exempt from emissions inspection requirements
Farm / off-road equipmentEXEMPT — not registered for road use
Diesel vehiclesSeparate opacity/smoke test may apply — not OBD-II; check with TxDMV
Commercial vehicles (18-wheelers, buses)Still subject to annual safety inspection under a separate program
Tex. Transp. Code § 548.052 — Exemptions
"The following vehicles are exempt from the inspection requirements… a motor vehicle that is… (1) a new motor vehicle for the first two years after the vehicle is first sold… (2) a motor vehicle that is 25 or more years old."
If you ride a motorcycle, drive an EV, or your car is 25+ years old — no inspection is required. You do not need to come to an inspection station.
§ 03

Bexar County as a Designated Emissions County

Tex. Health & Safety Code § 382.0622 · § 382.202 · TCEQ Designated Area Rules
Plain English

Not every county in Texas requires an emissions test — only those officially designated by the TCEQ. Bexar County (San Antonio) is a designated county, which is why qualifying vehicles registered here must pass an annual OBD-II emissions test while vehicles in most other Texas counties do not.

Tex. Health & Safety Code § 382.0622 — Designated Counties
"The commission [TCEQ] shall designate… counties in which motor vehicle emissions inspections are required… based on… air quality standards… population… and whether the area is classified as nonattainment."
ItemDetails
CountyBexar County (San Antonio metro area)
Designation basisEPA nonattainment / near-nonattainment area for the 8-hour ozone NAAQS standard
Designating agencyTexas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ)
Other designated Texas countiesHarris (Houston), Dallas, Tarrant (Fort Worth), Travis (Austin), El Paso, and others
Moving from a non-emissions countyEmissions test required at your next registration renewal once registered in Bexar County
§ 04

OBD-II Emissions Test — What It Is

Tex. Transp. Code § 548.301 · 30 Tex. Admin. Code § 114.50 · EPA 40 CFR Part 85
Plain English

The emissions test used in Bexar County is an On-Board Diagnostics II (OBD-II) scan. A certified technician connects to the diagnostic port under your dashboard and reads your vehicle's computer. The system checks whether your engine's emissions-related monitors have completed their self-tests and whether any emissions-related fault codes (DTCs) are active. There is no tailpipe probe and no visual exhaust inspection — it is a computer-to-computer read.

ItemDetails
Test methodOBD-II port scan (diagnostic port, driver's side, under dash)
Applies toModel year 1996 and newer gasoline-powered vehicles (OBD-II was federally mandated starting MY1996)
What is checkedDiagnostic Trouble Codes (DTCs) · Readiness monitor status · Malfunction Indicator Lamp (MIL) / check engine light
Pass conditionNo active emissions-related DTCs · Required readiness monitors complete · MIL not commanded on
Fail conditionAny active emissions DTC · MIL illuminated · Too many monitors in "Not Ready" status (see § 10)
Equipment standardTCEQ-certified OBD-II analyzer, updated to current Vehicle Identification Database (VID)
Typical test timeUnder 5 minutes for most vehicles
30 Tex. Admin. Code § 114.50 — OBD-II Inspection Procedures
"The emissions inspection… shall consist of… an on-board diagnostic (OBD) system check using equipment… approved by the executive director… The inspection shall determine whether: (1) a malfunction indicator light (MIL) is commanded on; (2) any… diagnostic trouble codes (DTCs) are present; (3) the required OBD system monitors have completed their self-diagnostic routines."
§ 05

Inspection Fee — $18.50, Set by State Law

Tex. Transp. Code § 548.509 · § 548.5055
Plain English

The emissions inspection fee in Texas is set by state law at $18.50 for most passenger vehicles and light trucks. Every licensed station must charge exactly this amount for the inspection — no more, no less. Any station charging more or less than $18.50 for the inspection certificate itself is in violation of state law. The fee is fixed and non-negotiable.

Tex. Transp. Code § 548.509 — Inspection Station Fee
"The fee for a vehicle inspection certificate… is $18.50 for a passenger car or light truck… A station or inspector may not charge a fee other than the fee established under this section for the issuance of a vehicle inspection certificate."
Vehicle CategoryFee
Passenger car / light truck (OBD-II)$18.50 — state-mandated, applies to all licensed stations
MotorcyclesEXEMPT — no inspection required in 2026; no fee applies
Electric vehiclesEXEMPT — no inspection required; no fee applies
Vehicles 25+ years oldEXEMPT — no inspection required; no fee applies
Can a station charge more than $18.50?ILLEGAL — violation of § 548.509
Can a station charge less?ILLEGAL — also a violation of § 548.509
Additional services (e.g., oil change)Stations may separately charge for unrelated services — only the inspection fee itself is fixed by law
§ 06

Proof of Insurance — Required to Pass

Tex. Transp. Code § 548.104 · § 601.051 · § 601.053
Plain English

Texas law requires you to provide valid proof of liability insurance before an inspection can be completed. This is a statutory requirement — not a station policy. Digital proof is legally acceptable under Tex. Transp. Code § 601.053: a photo on your phone, a screenshot, or your insurer's app all qualify. A printed card is not required.

Tex. Transp. Code § 548.104 — Insurance Verification at Inspection
"A vehicle inspection station… may not issue a vehicle inspection certificate for a vehicle unless the owner or operator of the vehicle provides evidence of financial responsibility… in a form authorized under Chapter 601."
Tex. Transp. Code § 601.051 — Financial Responsibility Required
"A person may not operate a motor vehicle in this state unless financial responsibility is established for the vehicle through… an automobile liability insurance policy… in at least the minimum amounts required by Section 601.072."
ItemDetails
Is insurance required at inspection?YES — mandatory under § 548.104 and § 601.051
Acceptable forms of proofPhysical card · Phone photo of card · Screenshot · Insurance app · PDF · Email
Is digital proof accepted?YES — authorized under Tex. Transp. Code § 601.053
Out-of-state insuranceAccepted if it meets Texas minimum liability limits (see § 07)
What if you don't have proof?The inspection cannot be completed and no certificate can be issued. You must return with proof of insurance.
No proof of insurance = no inspection. This is the most common reason customers have to leave and come back. Have your insurance ready — digital is fine.
§ 07

Texas Minimum Liability Insurance Limits

Tex. Transp. Code § 601.072 · Tex. Ins. Code § 1952.001
Plain English

Your liability policy must cover at least the amounts below. If your insurance — including an out-of-state policy — meets or exceeds these numbers, it qualifies. Most standard U.S. auto insurance policies already meet or exceed these limits. Check your declarations page (the summary page of your policy) to confirm your coverage amounts.

CoverageMinimum Required
Bodily injury — per person, per accident$30,000
Bodily injury — total per accident$60,000
Property damage — per accident$25,000
Tex. Transp. Code § 601.072 — Minimum Amounts of Financial Responsibility
"The amounts of financial responsibility required… are: (1) $30,000 for bodily injury to or death of one person in one accident; (2) $60,000 for bodily injury to or death of two or more persons in one accident; (3) $25,000 for destruction of property of others in one accident."

These are commonly called the "30/60/25" minimums. Texas raised these limits from the previous 20/40/15 minimums in 2011. If your policy predates 2011, confirm your current coverage amounts with your insurer.

§ 08

Out-of-State Vehicle Transfers to Texas

Tex. Transp. Code § 501.0234 · § 548.301 · § 501.145
Plain English

If you are moving to Texas, purchasing a vehicle from out of state, or transferring a title to Texas plates, a passing emissions inspection is required before you can register the vehicle in Bexar County. Your existing out-of-state insurance is accepted — you do not need to switch to a Texas insurer before the inspection, as long as your current policy meets the 30/60/25 minimums (§ 07).

Tex. Transp. Code § 501.0234 — Title Application Requirements
"An applicant for a Texas certificate of title for a motor vehicle… must provide… evidence that the vehicle has passed a vehicle inspection… required under Chapter 548… if the vehicle is to be registered in a county that requires an emissions inspection."
QuestionAnswer
Is an inspection required to get Texas plates?YES — required prior to title transfer in Bexar County
Is out-of-state insurance accepted?YES — if it meets the Texas 30/60/25 minimums
Must I switch to a Texas insurer first?NO — out-of-state policy is accepted at the inspection station
Where to complete the title transferBexar County Tax Assessor-Collector (after the inspection is on file)
Time limit to register after moving to Texas30 days after establishing Texas residency
§ 09

If You Fail — The 15-Day Free Reinspection Rule

Tex. Transp. Code § 548.407 · § 548.509(f)
Plain English

If your vehicle fails, you pay the $18.50 fee at the time of the test — whether you pass or fail. That fee entitles you to one free reinspection at the same station within 15 days, after you have repaired the issue. If you return after 15 days, or go to a different station, you will be charged the full $18.50 fee again.

Tex. Transp. Code § 548.407 — Reinspection After Failure
"If a vehicle fails the inspection… the owner of the vehicle… is entitled to one reinspection at the same station within 15 days of the failed inspection without paying an additional inspection fee, provided the vehicle is repaired… and returned to the station."
ItemRule
When do I pay?At time of the initial inspection — pass or fail
Reinspection cost$0 — free if within 15 days at the same station
Reinspection window15 days from the date of the failed inspection
Must I return to the same station?YES — a different station will charge the full fee again
What if I return after 15 days?Full $18.50 fee applies — treated as a new inspection
Number of free reinspections per failureOne (1)
Free 15-day reinspection is always honored at Shepherd Emissions. Bring your original failed inspection report when you return.
§ 10

"Monitors Not Ready" — The Drive Cycle Rule

30 Tex. Admin. Code § 114.50(f) · EPA OBD-II Readiness Monitor Standards
Plain English

Your vehicle's computer runs a set of internal self-tests called "readiness monitors." These must be completed before the vehicle can pass an emissions test. If too many monitors are in "Not Ready" status — which commonly occurs after a battery disconnect, an ECU reset, or minimal driving after a repair — the vehicle will be marked as a failed inspection. The fix is to drive the vehicle through a mix of highway and local driving for a few days. No repair is needed — only driving time.

ItemDetails
Common causesBattery disconnect · Recent ECU reset · Limited driving after a repair
Monitors allowed "Not Ready" — MY 1996–2000Up to 2 (fail if more than 2 are incomplete)
Monitors allowed "Not Ready" — MY 2001 and newerUp to 1 (fail if more than 1 is incomplete)
Is a mechanical repair required?NO — this is typically a data readiness issue, not a broken component
How to resolveDrive the vehicle normally — mixed city and highway — for 1 to 5 days, then return
Do I pay the inspection fee for a "not ready" failure?YES — "not ready" counts as a failed inspection; the 15-day reinspection rule applies
30 Tex. Admin. Code § 114.50(f) — Readiness Monitor Standards
"A vehicle shall fail the OBD inspection if… (2) for model year 1996 through 2000 vehicles, more than two… readiness monitors indicate 'not ready'… (3) for model year 2001 and later vehicles, more than one… readiness monitor indicates 'not ready'…"
§ 11

How Inspection Results Link to Registration Renewal

Tex. Transp. Code § 548.605 · § 502.040 · Texas DMV Single-Sticker System
Plain English

When your vehicle passes inspection, the results are transmitted electronically to TxDMV and linked to your vehicle record — typically within minutes. When you renew your registration online, by mail, or in person, the system automatically verifies that a current passing inspection is on file. You do not need to bring your inspection report to the DMV. Since 2015, Texas uses a single registration-only windshield sticker; there is no longer a separate inspection sticker.

Tex. Transp. Code § 548.605 — Electronic Transmission of Inspection Results
"An inspection station shall electronically transmit to the department… the results of each vehicle inspection performed at the station… at the time the inspection is performed."
ItemDetails
Separate windshield inspection stickerELIMINATED — Texas moved to a single-sticker registration system in 2015; no inspection sticker has been issued since
Registration stickerStill required — one registration-only sticker on the windshield
How inspection links to registrationTransmitted electronically to TxDMV at time of inspection — no action required by the vehicle owner
Must I bring my inspection report anywhere?NO — results are filed automatically with TxDMV
How long is the passing inspection valid?12 months from the date of the inspection
Can I renew online after passing?YES — TxDMV.gov, typically within 24 hours of the inspection
Registration renewal blocked when?When no current passing inspection is on file in TxDMV — renewal cannot proceed until a new inspection passes
When you pass at Shepherd Emissions, your results are transmitted to TxDMV on the spot. Most customers can renew their registration online within a few hours.